A Programmable Electrochemical Y‐Shaped DNA Scaffold Sensor for the Single‐Step Detection of Antibodies and Proteins in Untreated Biological Fluids

Proteins and antibodies are key biomarkers for diagnosing monitoring specific medical conditions. Currently, gold standard techniques used their quantification require laborious multi-step procedures, involving high costs slow response times. It is possible to overcome these limitations by exploiting the chemistry programmability of DNA design a reagentless electrochemical sensing platform. Specifically, three single strands engineered that can self-assemble into Y-shaped nanostructure resembles one IgGs. In order convert this responsive DNA-scaffold bioreceptor, it modified including two recognition elements, redox tag molecules, thiol group. absence target, scaffold receptor efficiently collide with electrode surface generate strong signal. The presence target induces its bivalent binding, which produces steric hindrance interactions limit receptor's collisional activity. bound state, tags therefore approach at slower rate, leading signal decrease quantitatively related concentration. Y-shape sensor detect nanomolar concentrations proteins in <15 min single-step procedure directly untreated biological fluids.